MOON TEST | SIGMA SOCIETY

Moon Test

Instructions:

There is no deadline for resolving this test.
There are no restrictions on the use of pens, calculators, pliers, any other tool you find useful in finding the answers.
If you want the results to be correct, you should not consult others or ask others for help.

Moon Test Questions:

1. What percentage of the Moon's surface is illuminated by the Sun at specific moment? Justify.

2. The image below is a photo montage of the Moon over the Atlantic Ocean. Assuming it wasn't a montage, what country was the person who took the photo in? Justify your answer.

3. If Jupiter were hollow and the top of its clouds were a rigid membrane 1 mm thick, how many planets like Earth would fit entirely inside it?

4. The two photos below were taken in August 2020, by Hindemburg Melao Jr. at coordinates -22.947594, -45.476772 and by Alisson Correa Chervinski at coordinates -29.755334, -57.076461. What was the distance from the center of the Earth to the center of the Moon at that moment?

5. The photo below shows the Clavius crater. Christopher Clavius was a mathematician, astronomer and priest contemporary of Galileo. Clavius was distinguished for his works in Geometry and Algebra. When Galileo showed that the Moon had a rugged topography, rather than being a perfect sphere, as had been believed until then, Clavius argued that if the Moon's surface were indeed irregular, as Galileo said, then the Moon's edges must also show this characteristic, but even with telescopes (at the time) the edges of the Moon are very sleek. Faced with this empirical evidence, Clavius proposed that the Moon probably had a perfectly spherical transparent surface beneath which these apparent irregularities were. According science historian R.A.M., Galileo not found appropriate arguments to refute Clavius' thesis, however there were sufficient resources at the time to show that Clavius was wrong. Point out problems with Clavius' argument and show that Galileo's thesis was most likely to be a better representation of sentient reality.